Set 2

Grade 12                                                                                         FM: 75

Compulsory English [0041]                                                        Time: 3 hrs.

1. Read the given text and complete the activities: 15

The Significance of History in Contemporary Society

History, often regarded as a chronicle of bygone eras, extends far beyond the simple narration of events. It serves as a compass that guides humanity, offering insights into societal evolution, cultural heritage, and the dynamics of human behavior. To dismiss history as irrelevant in the modern age is to underestimate its profound influence on the present and its potential to shape the future.

At its core, history is a repository of collective human experience. By examining the triumphs and failures of civilizations, individuals and societies can glean invaluable lessons. For instance, the catastrophic events of World War II stand as a testament to the perils of unchecked ambition and the necessity of diplomacy. The establishment of the United Nations in its aftermath underscores how historical understanding can catalyze institutional innovation aimed at preventing the recurrence of such devastation.

Moreover, history fosters a sense of identity and continuity. Cultural traditions, national narratives, and familial legacies are all rooted in historical contexts. These elements not only provide individuals with a sense of belonging but also help preserve the richness of human diversity. The stories of ancient civilizations, such as the Indus Valley or Mesopotamian cultures, reveal the ingenuity of early societies, whose innovations—like the wheel, written script, and urban planning—continue to influence contemporary life.

Critics of historical study often argue that it is futile to dwell on the past when technological advancements and globalization have redefined human priorities. However, this perspective overlooks the enduring relevance of historical inquiry in addressing present-day challenges. For example, the environmental crisis confronting the modern world is not a novel phenomenon. Historical accounts of deforestation in ancient Mesopotamia or the collapse of the Mayan civilization due to overexploitation of resources highlight the consequences of unsustainable practices. Such lessons are indispensable for crafting policies aimed at achieving environmental sustainability.

Furthermore, the study of history cultivates critical thinking skills, enabling individuals to analyze information, discern patterns, and evaluate evidence. In an era characterized by the proliferation of misinformation, historical literacy equips people to question narratives and resist manipulation. The ability to scrutinize sources, corroborate facts, and understand context is as vital today as it was during the Enlightenment, when reason and empirical evidence began to challenge dogmatic beliefs.

Another pivotal role of history lies in fostering empathy and mutual understanding. By delving into the experiences of diverse communities and epochs, one gains a broader perspective on the human condition. This awareness helps bridge cultural divides, dismantle stereotypes, and promote inclusivity. For instance, studying the civil rights movements of the 20th century elucidates the struggles of marginalized groups and underscores the universal quest for equality and justice.

However, it is essential to approach historical narratives with a discerning eye. History, as recorded by humans, is susceptible to bias and selective representation. The adage “history is written by the victors” encapsulates the tendency to marginalize alternative perspectives. As such, contemporary historians emphasize the importance of revisiting and reinterpreting historical accounts to ensure a more balanced and inclusive understanding of the past.

In conclusion, the importance of history transcends academic boundaries; it is a fundamental tool for navigating the complexities of modern life. Whether by preserving cultural heritage, informing policy decisions, or fostering critical thinking, history remains an indispensable discipline. As the world grapples with unprecedented challenges, the wisdom embedded in the annals of history offers not only a mirror to reflect on past errors but also a beacon to illuminate the path forward.

A. Fill in the gaps using the highlighted words from the text (two of them are not necessary): 5

a. Now two victims have taken the ___________________ step of suing.

b. Before signing the contract, the lawyer will __________________ every clause to ensure there are no hidden loopholes.

c. Doctors are excited about the new drug’s ___________________ benefits.

d. The new policies ___________________ gaps in healthcare access.

e. Personal preferences often _________________ how people perceive new ideas.

B. Read the text and write: 5
TRUE             – if the statement agrees with the information given in the text.
FALSE            – if the statement contradicts the information given in the text.
NOT GIVEN    – if there is no information in the text.

a. The establishment of the United Nations was influenced by the events of World War II.

b. Technological advancements have eliminated the need to study history.

c. The Enlightenment prioritized dogmatic beliefs over reason.

d. Historical study helps people develop critical thinking skills to evaluate evidence.

e. Modern educational systems prioritize history over science and technology.

C. Answer the given questions: 5

a. Why is World War II mentioned in the passage?

b. Where can we see the effects of ancient innovations like the wheel and urban planning?

c. Where does the passage suggest history helps to build empathy?

d. What does the phrase “history is written by the victors” mean in the text?

e. Suggest a title to replace the given one.

 2. Answer the followings: 10

a. Who are the ‘poor creatures’? Why does the speaker call them ‘poor creature’? [Every Morning I Wake]
OR,
Why did the students ignore the bookshelves in the 1990s? [On Libraries]

b. Explain:
When perceptions are changed there’s much to gain,
A flowering of truth instead of pain.
There’s more to a people than their poverty;
There’s their work, wisdom, and creativity

c. What do you think is the moral of the story ‘The Treasure in the Forest’?

d. Are Mr. Verma’s complaints about his diets reasonable? How?
OR,
According to the tourist, why is the West indebted to the East? [The Half – closed eyes of the Buddha and the Slowly Sinking Sun]

e. What do Greek people believe and claim? [Humility]

3. Answer the followings: 10

a. Shed light on the practice of Chakari as portrayed in the play. Have you noticed this practice in your society?
OR,
According to Famous Actress, men associated with theatre use the theatre actresses to make their estranged wives jealous so as to woo them back. Do you agree with her argument? Why? Why not?

b. According to Russel, ‘The pursuit of knowledge may become harmful unless it is combined with wisdom.’ Justify this statement.

 4. Write a news story being based on the given clues: 7

Janakpur Bolts beat Sudurpaschim Royals with 5 wickets

• Kathmandu, Dec 21
• First inaugural Nepal Premiere league Final
• Held in TU international cricket ground in Kirtipur
• Sudurpaschim won the toss and opt to bat first
• Total 185 runs’ score to chase for Janakpur
• Opener Aasif Sheikh contributed 33 off 19 balls
• Milantha’s 87 off 49 balls led Janakpur having half century in just 31 balls
• Reaching target 185/5 in 19.2/20 overs

5. Write a short biography of Byakul Maila, using the information given above.                                         8
Name : Pradeep Kumar Rai
Nickname : Byakul Maila
Place of birth : Hilepani Village, Okhaldhunga District
Date of birth : 7 April 1973
Father : Man Bahadur Rai
Mother : Dhana Laxmi Rai
Second son of three children
Education : Bachelor’s degree in Law, Master’s degree in Public Administration
Profession : Lawyer, social worker, writer
Notable work : composer of national anthem titled Sayaun Thunga Phoolka (We are Hundreds of Flowers)
Literary works : poems, songs, Haikus
Interest : interested in the rights of the backward people and in the literary creation
Awards : several national awards lifelong allowance of Rs. 25000 a month from the Government of Nepal for the creation of his national anthem
Message : love for mother, serve the poor and backward people, and fight for rights and justice

6. Suppose you are the General Manager of Biddyarthi Book Shop Hetauda – 4. Issue a press release about the problems that have recently been arisen due to shifting location and new contract issues with publications. Include fascinating new offers in the books for this 2082 academic year.             10

7. Do as instructed: 10

a. The painting we ordered was not as ______ as we thought. (Supply correct form of adverb)

b. I forgot whether the singers or the actress (be) given the Film Fair Award last year. (Supply correct form of verb)

c. My dad insisted _______ taking the later train. (supply correct preposition)

d. I had it when I left the office so I _______ lost it on the way to home. (mustn’t have/ must have/ should have)

e. I recognized him because I saw him before. (correct tense)

f. They seem _______ very happy with the recent result. (to be/ being/ to was)

g. I want my friends to support me in my bad times. (change into passive voice)

h. I still can’t remember his home _______ I have spent my many weekends. (supply correct form of relative pronoun)

i. Is your brother buying Muna Madan/ Summer love today? (change into information question)

j. “Work hard if you want to rise in life,” said the old man. (report the sentence using ‘recommend’)

8. Choose and copy the correct answer: 5

a. Which of the following words has a different final consonant sound?
i. helped                                ii. checked
iii. supported                         iv. reached

b. Which of the following words does not have the prefix ‘in’?
i. independent                                            ii. inactive
iii. inability                                                   iv. instrument

c. The children who undergo extreme poverty generally stand firm in hardships. The word ‘undergo’ in this sentence has a meaning similar to _________ .
i. to go under                                                 ii. to escape
iii. to deviate                                                 iv. to experience

d. The incredibly meticulous scientist examined the data for hours. Under which word class we can categorize the underlined word?
i. noun                                                           ii. adjective
iii. verb                                                          iv. adverb

e. After a long day at work, I decided to wind down with the good book. What does the phrasal verb ‘wind down’ mean in the sentence
i. to relax                                                         ii. to finish work
iii. to start a new task                                   iv. to go to bed

 -The End-