Set 4
Grade 12 FM: 75
Compulsory English Time: 3 hrs.
1. Read the given text and complete the activities: 15
Throughout history, diseases have shaped human civilization, often spreading rapidly and affecting large populations. Two terms frequently used in this context are epidemic and pandemic, which describe the scale and reach of infectious diseases. While both refer to outbreaks of illnesses, they differ significantly in their scope.
An epidemic occurs when a disease spreads rapidly within a specific community, region, or country. It surpasses the expected number of cases for a given area, often leading to public health concerns. For instance, the Ebola outbreak in West Africa (2014-2016) and the Zika virus epidemic (2015-2016) were classified as epidemics because they were largely confined to specific regions. Epidemics can arise due to various factors, including new pathogens, environmental changes, or human activities that facilitate transmission. Effective epidemic management involves rapid response measures such as quarantines, vaccination drives, and public awareness campaigns.
A pandemic, on the other hand, is an epidemic that spreads across multiple countries or continents, affecting a vast number of people worldwide. The most recent and impactful example is the COVID-19 pandemic, which emerged in late 2019 and led to global disruptions in health, economy, and daily life. Other historical pandemics include the Spanish Flu (1918-1919), which infected about one-third of the world’s population, and the Black Death (1347-1351), which killed millions across Europe and Asia. Pandemics often pose greater challenges than epidemics due to their wide geographical spread, overwhelming healthcare systems, and economic repercussions.
The causes of pandemics and epidemics vary, but common factors include viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens that adapt and spread among humans. Globalization, increased travel, urbanization, and environmental changes have contributed to the rapid transmission of infectious diseases in modern times.
Preventing and controlling these outbreaks require a coordinated effort between governments, healthcare organizations, and communities. Vaccination, early detection, public health policies, and scientific research play crucial roles in mitigating the impact of infectious diseases. Additionally, public cooperation in following hygiene protocols, social distancing measures, and vaccination campaigns significantly reduces transmission rates.
In conclusion, both epidemics and pandemics pose significant threats to public health, requiring vigilance and preparedness. Learning from past outbreaks helps societies develop better strategies for managing future health crises. Through scientific advancements, global cooperation, and responsible behavior, humanity can reduce the devastating effects of infectious diseases and build a more resilient world.
A. Fill in the gaps using the highlighted words from the text (two of them are not necessary): 5
a. Scientists are studying how the _______________ of radio signals is affected by atmospheric changes.
b. Despite facing many challenges, she remained _______________ and never gave up.
c. The government imposed _______________ to prevent the spread of the new virus.
d. Due to heavy snowfall, travelers were _______________ to the airport for several hours.
e. The advancement of technology has greatly influenced modern _______________ .
B. Match the followings: 5
Column A | Column B |
a. Epidemic b. Pandemic c. Quarantine d. Pathogens e. Vaccination | i. A global outbreak affecting multiple countries ii. Isolation to prevent the spread of disease iii. Infectious agents like viruses or bacteria iv. A localized outbreak within a specific community v. A preventive measure to protect individuals from disease |
C. Answer the given: 5
a. Where did the Ebola outbreak occur between 2014 and 2016?
b. Who plays a crucial role in preventing and controlling epidemics and pandemics?
c. Why are some historical examples of pandemics mentioned in the passage?
d. How can globalization contribute to the spread of infectious diseases?
e. Give a meaningful title for the given text.
2. Answer the given questions: 2*5=10
a. ‘Money determines the relationship between characters in the play Facing Death.’ Elaborate this statement with examples from the play. [Facing Death]
Or,
How does the play ‘The Bull’ make a satire on the feudal system? [The Bull]
b. The last sentence of the story reads “The twentieth – century novel had not prepared him for this.” In your view, what differences did the young man find between twentieth – century novels and human relations? [Neighbours]
b. The last sentence of the story reads “The twentieth – century novel had not prepared him for this.” In your view, what differences did the young man find between twentieth – century novels and human relations? [Neighbours]
3. Answer the given questions: 5*2=10
a. Why was Mrs. Baroda unhappy with the information about Gouvernail’s visit to their farm? [A Respectable Woman]
b. Why did the old man try to bribe his grandchildren? [A Devoted Son]
Or,
Why did Pelayo and Elisenda imprison the old man in the chicken coop? [A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings]
c. Why does Moyn end his essay saying; “Until then, Croesus’s world is our common fate.” [Human Rights and the Age of Inequality]
d. What, according to the essay, are the universal human abilities? [Humility]
Or,
What are the factors that contribute to wisdom? [Knowledge and Wisdom]
e. Is Earnest Young Woman convinced by the argument of Famous Actress? How? [A Matter of Husbands]
4. Write a readable story using the guidelines given: 7
[ A rich man’s expensive watch missing – calls all his servants and asks them if they find his watch – nobody says they find – gives a stick of equal length and says, ‘the thief’s stick will be an inch longer tomorrow’ – the thief cuts an inch from his stick – the thief was recognized – moral ]
5. Write a newspaper article pointing out the incapability of people in sustaining carbon budget and decelerating climate change’s hit. 8
6. People nowadays tend to be self – employed, rather than to work for a company or organization. For you which one holds more significant role in shaping career and goal. 10
7. Do as instructed: 10
a. She has not brought vegetables as __________ as we ordered. (fill the blank with suitable adjective)
b. Never listens to fools, _____________? (supply a correct tag)
c. You have been travelling all day. You __________ be tired. (can/ must/ should/ may)
d. Somebody broke into his house last week. (change into passive voice)
e. She asked me why I broke a chair. (change into direct speech)
f. We ate (Chinese/ delicious/ some) food. (correct the adjective order)
g. The classes will be over __________ 5 (supply the correct preposition)
h. He had gone to the coffee because somebody had told him. (Correct the mistake)
i. Do you know the man? His son was awarded in the school yesterday. (join the following pairs using relative clause)
j. Did you notice if he had left the car in the park? (Change into direct question)
8. Do as instructed: 5
a. Which of the following has a different final sound?
i. requested ii. intended
iii. helped iv. needed
b. In which dictionary quarter can we find the word ‘quite’?
i. 1st quarter ii. 2nd quarter
iii. 3rd quarter iv. 4th quarter
c. Which of the following is correct?
i. accomodate ii. accommodate
iii. acommodate iv. acommadate
d. Find the guide word of the word ‘role’:
i. rope / roller ii. road / rope
iii. round / route iv. robe / rolf
e. She didn’t want to bring up the issue during the meeting. What does the phrasal verb ‘bring up’ mean in the sentence?
i. to start a topic
ii. to physically lift something up
iii. to reject something
iv. to run away from a situation
– GOOD LUCK –
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