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Voice

Class 11 Compulsory English Class 12 Compulsory English English Grammar , , , , , , , ,

Voice

Voice (Active and Passive Voice)

Voice: (Active and Passive Voice)

Basics:

  • Active sentences are written when the doer is important.
  • Passive sentences are written when the work is important.
  • Person pronouns can be removed (by + s) – not compulsory. Same case goes for SENA and People (vague pronouns)
  • Adverbs must be placed in the same position (#)
  • Not all verbs take preposition ‘by’

 

Basic verbs to know

V1

V2

V3

V4

V5

Be (am/are)

Was/were

Been

Being

Is

Have

Had

Had

Having

Has

Get

Got

Got

Getting

Gets

# NOTE: we use be verbs according to the main verb given in the sentences.

 

Structures:

Active

Passive

V1/5

is/am/ are + v3

V2

was/ were + V3

is/ am/ are + V4

is/ am/ are+ being + V3

has/ have + V3

has/ have + been + V3

Had + V3

Had + been + V3

Modal Auxiliary

MA + be + V3

Shall/ will + V3

Shall/ will + have been + V3

S+v+O+ to +v1+ O2

S+V+O2+ to+ be+ V3

 being

 S+V+ being +V3

 having

 S+V+ having + Object + V3

 V1+ O

 Let + O + be + V3

 

 

Type 1… Passive of Question ‘Who’ (use one of these)

  • Who + ______________________ + by?
  • By whom + ________________________?

# Who made this temple?

  • Who was this temple made by?
  • By whom was this temple made?

#Note: for other wh questions don’t replace the wh word and make passive

  

Type 2… Multiple Objects (Double Objects)

  • O1 and O2

# If we use O2 as subject we must add ‘to’ before O1

# If we use O1 as subject we shouldn’t

 i.e. # They pay him good salary

  • He is paid good salary by them.
  • Good salary is paid to him by them.

 

 Type 3… Having/ Being

  • If person is focused we use – being
  • If object is focused we use – having

Being

Having

S+V+ being + V3

S+V+ having + O + V3

# I love people admiring me.
– I love being admired.

# I hate people taking my photo.
– I hate having my photo taken.

 

 

 Type 4… Imperatives

  • V1 + O à Let + O + be + V3
  • V1 + O (please/ kindly) à You are requested to
  • Obligations
  • Request
  1. Open the door.
    – Let the door be opened
  2. Please open the door.
    – You are requested to open the door

 

 Type 5… Hearsay

  • People believe/ think/ opine/ hope/ expect/ say/ suppose + …
    • It is believed/ thought/ opined/ hoped/ expected/ said/ supposed + that …

OR,

Verb

Change into

is/am/are

be

was/were

have been

V1/5

V1

V2

have + V3

has/ have

have

 People believe seven is a lucky number.

  • It is believed that seven is a lucky number.
    – Seven is believed to be a lucky number.

 

 

Type 6… Get passive:

# In this type of ‘get’ passive we replace be verbs with get verbs:

(Use it: when something happens because of outside influence. It is often used for unexpected, unplanned, or negative situations)

  • They always called him for the party.
    – He often got called for the party. (got is used here replacing was)

 

Type 7… Passive without ‘by’

#Remember these verbs

Verbs

Prepositions

Surprise, annoy, shock, disappoint, marvel, amaze, alarmed, offend, hurt

At

Interest, contain, embody, include

In

Frighten

Of

Please, bore, satisfy, disappoint, cover, fill, impress, line, decorate

With

Annoy, excite, worry, concern

About

Arrest,

For

Know, expect, marry, oblige, marry, devoted

To

 

Type 8… SENA, People –

  • Somebody/ someone/ everyone/ everybody/ no one/ nobody/ anyone/ anybody and people – we don’t write these vague pronouns as by+s while making passive
    (passive of Nobody/ No one will be negative)
  • Using pronouns (I, we, you, he, she, it, they) is also not compulsory but nouns must be written
  1. Someone stole our car.
    – Our car was stolen.
  2. Nobody helped him.
    – He was not helped.

 

Type 9… Adverbs and Time Adverbs don’t change their positions

Before verb/ Beginning/ At last

  1. Sabina is regularly questioning her difficulties.
    – Sabina’s difficulties are being regularly questioned.
    – Her difficulties are being regularly questioned by Sabina. (not better)
  2. He submitted the notes on Friday.
    – The notes were submitted on Friday.
  3. Unexpectedly, he dropped the phone.
    – Unexpectedly, the phone was dropped.

 

 

Type 10… Nouns and pronouns must be replaced in some questions

i.e.

# Sarita has to submit her assignment.
– Her assignment has to be submitted by Sarita.
– Sarita’s assignment has to be submitted by her.

 

Type 11… Objects are always placed before the prepositions. (especially on long objects) (don’t copy all portion)

  • She has written her assignments in three months.
    – Her assignments have been written in three months
    – Her assignments in three months have been written. (wrong way)

 

Set A: Simple type

  1. He was constantly checking his mobile phone.
  2. The police found footprint.
  3. She is continuously improving her handwriting.
  4. The children built the sandcastles.
  5. She is deliberately teasing me.
  6. The father is not going to open the window.
  7. People find extensive information on the internet.
  8. The price includes the taxes.
  9. They are overtaking our car from last 2 hours
  10. They often called the doctor at midnight.
  11. His speech hurt the people of Kathmandu.
  12. Japan makes Toyota cars.
  13. His behaviour worries me a lot.
  14. They will distribute the participants the schedule.
  15. The waiter took our order.
  16. Ramesh has seriously written his papers this year.
  17. Boiling water cooks spaghetti.
  18. An exercise follows each lesson.
  19. No one has made the noise.
  20. I never liked them.
  21. The police are questioning the suspect.
  22. They found the missing child safe.
  23. Someone broke into our house while we were on holiday

Set B: Question type

  1. Who wrote the letter?
  2. Where were the boys playing chess?
  3. Where did they park the car?
  4. What decisions were announced yesterday? (into active)
  5. Where did he find the keys?
  6. Who gave you this book?
  7. Who wrote you this story?
  8. What are you doing?
  9. Where did she keep the files?
  10. When have you seen the culprits in the theatre?
  11. Would swastika open the window?
  12. Did they confess the crime?
  13. Who taught you grammar?
  14. Where did the company deny him promotion?

Set C: Modal Auxiliary

  1. Hetauda will organize the final match.
  2. They may clean the room by Sunday.
  3. Bharatpur will arrange the closing ceremony.
  4. She could climb the tree in her childhood.
  5. She has to submit her assignments.
  6. They might postpone the meeting.
  7. The doctor must examine the patient immediately.
  8. The principal will award the best student a scholarship.
  9. They will not allow him another chance.
  10. They will have to repair the bridge soon.

Set D: Hearsay (write both types of answers)

  1. People say number thirteen is an unlucky number.
  2. They believe America has the maximum nuclear weapons.
  3. People rumour black cats bring bad luck.
  4. English people think the number thirteen is unlucky
  5. People say whistling at night is unlucky.
  6. There are ruours that the factory at the corner is manufacturing bombs.
  7. Some people believe that Silajit from Jumla cures all indigestion problems.
  8. People claim that Changu Narayan temple is the oldest temple in Nepal.
  9. The police suspect that the criminal left the country.
  10. People allege that the leader has embezzled millions of rupees.

Set E: Double Objects (write both types of answers)

  1. She bought me a new bag.
  2. The teacher taught us English.
  3. Someone must tell her the truth
  4. Rita gave me new shoes.
  5. The judge had shown the jury the evidence.
  6. She offered him a cup of tea.
  7. Somebody sent him a list of numbers.
  8. The librarian had shown the visitors ancient manuscripts.
  9. She told me the truth.
  10. They lent him some money.
  11. The school awarded him a prize.

Set F: Having/ Being

  1. I hate children making noise during class.
  2. I dislike friends calling me while I am working.
  3. I don’t like people staring at me.
  4. The cat enjoys someone tickling him.
  5. Sabina hates people laughing at her.
  6. I hate people telephoning me early in the morning.
  7. I love people taking my photograph.
  8. I like people admiring my clothes.
  9. I don’t mind journalists following me.
  10. I enjoy people taking me to expensive restaurants.
  11. I love people bringing my breakfast to me in bed.
  12. I adore people giving me expensive gifts.

Set G: Mixed

  1. I want someone to love me.
  2. I want someone to write my notes.
  3. He thinks that someone is teaching Jennie.
  4. I need my brother to wash my clothes.
  5. I need my sister to bring my tea.
  6. Is it true that someone stole your car?
  7. She had the tailor stitch her dress.
  8. I am getting my watch repair.
  9. We need to clean the carpet of our drawing room.

Set H: Change into active

  1. The letter was written by him.
  2. The match was won by our team.
  3. The room is being cleaned.
  4. The rules were followed strictly.
  5. The song has been sung beautifully.
  6. The homework was completed on time.
  7. The cake was baked by my mother.
  8. The decision will be announced tomorrow.
  9. The invitation has been sent.
  10. A new policy has been introduced by the government.
  11. The road is being repaired.
  12. The truth was told to me.
  13. The room has been cleaned properly.
  14. The players were given clear instructions by the coach.
  15. The meeting had been postponed due to bad weather.
  16. The package was delivered this morning.

Set I: Tense mixed

  1. Call the ambulance! Two boys _____________________(injure) in a motorbike accident.
  2. Let’s go to stationary. My copy _____________________ (lose).
  3. The clock _____________________ (use) since the 17th century.
  4. The clock _____________________ (use) in the 17th century.
  5. I had to wait outside the classroom while the classroom _____________________ (clean).
  6. I had to wait outside the classroom when the classroom _____________________ (clean).
  7. The problem _____________________ (discuss) by the subject specialists at the moment.
  8. By the time I came back, the task _____________________ (finish).
  9. Women _____________________ (say) to be happier than men.
  10. Look! The house _____________________ (destroy) by the fire.
  11. The other three reports_____________________ (submit) by next month.
  12. Many people _____________________ (rescue) from the floods by the security persons this year.
  13. The state of Florida _____________________ (hit) by a hurricane that did serious damage.
  14. Hurry! The children _____________________ (catch) in the playground.
  15. The new bridge _____________________ (complete) by next year.
  16. I had to wait outside while the room _____________________ (decorate).
  17. The results _____________________ (announce) by the principal tomorrow.
  18. By the time she arrived, the work _____________________ (do).
  19. The students _____________________ (teach) about renewable energy this week.
  20. Look! The car _____________________ (tow) by the police.
  21. All the letters _____________________ (send) by the end of today.
  22. Thousands of people _____________________ (help) by volunteers every year.
  23. The city _____________________ (flood) by heavy rain last month.
  24. The instructions _____________________ (explain) to the new students yesterday.
  25. That building _____________________ (demolish) soon.
  26. By next week, all the homework _____________________ (submit).
  27. The famous author _____________________ (invite) to the seminar next month.
  28. Many endangered animals _____________________ (protect) by wildlife organizations worldwide.
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