If Conditional
If Conditional:
Type | If (Condition) | Main (result) | Example |
Zero | V1/5 | V1/v5 | If you put ice out of freeze, it melts |
| V1/5 | V1+O (imperatives) | If you want to win race, run fast |
Type I | V1/5 | will/can/may/shall + v1 | If you study well, you can pass the exam |
Type 2 | V2 | would/could/should/might+ v1 | If I were a student, I would never skip my class. |
Type 2 | V2 | would/could/should/might+ v1 | If I were a student, I would never skip my class. |
Type 3 | Had+ v3 | would/could/should/might + have + v3 | If I hadn’t played game lately, I would have attended the early meeting. |
Note: we can also write the passive forms of given structures.
A. Zero conditional
(scientific facts/ General truths/ Universal facts)
B. First conditional
(for real or possible situations in the future)
C. Second conditional
(used for imaginary present or future)
D. Third conditional (unreal past)
(for imaginary situations in the past – that had not happened)
E. Mixed conditional
(when past condition affects present result)
– If I had studied science, I would be a doctor now.
Exercise
Choose the correct options:
- If she studies hard, she ______ the exam.
passes b. will pass
c. would pass d. passed - If I ______ you, I would apologize to him.
am b. was
c. were d. be - If they had worked harder, they ______ the match.
win b. would win
c. would have won d. will win - If water ______ to 100°C, it boils.
is heated b. will heat
c. heated d. would heat - If you had called me earlier, I ______ you.
help b. would help
c. would have helped d. will help - If he ______ earlier, he would catch the bus.
leaves b. left
c. had left d. leaving - If it rains tomorrow, we ______ the trip.
cancel b. cancelled
c. will cancel d. cancelling - If she had studied medicine, she ______ a doctor now.
will be b. would be
c. is d. was - If I had money, I ______ a new laptop.
buy b. bought
c. will buy d. would buy - If you heat ice, it ______.
melts b. melted
c. will melt d. would melt - If they had invited me, I ______ the party.
attend b. would attend
c. would have attended d. will attend - If she ______ harder, she would pass the exam.
studies b. studied
c. had studied d. studying - If you mix red and blue, you ______ purple.
get b. got
c. will get d. would get - If he had taken the medicine, he ______ better now.
feel b. felt
c. would feel d. will feel - If I see him, I ______ him the news.
told b. will tell
c. would tell d. telling - If she ______ the train earlier, she would have arrived on time.
caught b. catches
c. had caught d. catching - If they ______ more careful, they would not have made this mistake.
were b. are
c. had been d. being - If I were the principal, I ______ the rules.
change b. would change
c. will change d. changed - If the sun ______, it becomes dark.
set b. sets
c. will set d. setting - If he had saved money, he ______ a car.
buys b. bought
c. would have bought d. will buy
Exercise:
Choose the correct options
- If he ______ harder, he would have passed the exam.
studied b. studies
c. had studied d. studying - If I had seen her, I ______ hello.
would say b. would have said
c. say d. will say - If she were more careful, she ______ fewer mistakes.
makes b. made
c. would make d. will make - If the teacher had explained the lesson clearly, we ______ it better.
understand b. understood
c. would understand d. would have understood - If I ______ known about the meeting, I would have attended it.
have b. had
c. had had d. having - If they ______ earlier, they would be here now.
left b. leave
c. had left d. leaving - If she studies well, she ______ succeed.
would b. will
c. would have d. had - If he had taken my advice, he ______ in trouble now.
wouldn’t be b. won’t be
c. isn’t d. wasn’t - If you ______ more politely, people would respect you.
speak b. spoke
c. had spoken d. speaking - If I were you, I ______ accept the offer immediately.
will b. would
c. would have d. had
Exercise:
Do as instructed:
- If you do not work hard, you will fail. (unless)
- If you do not hurry, you will miss the bus. (unless)
- If you do not wear a coat, you will feel cold. (unless)
- If she does not invite me, I will not go. (unless)
- If you do not water the plants, they will die. (unless)
- If you study hard, you will pass the exam. (provided that)
- If he apologizes, I will forgive him. (provided that)
- If she helps me, I will complete the work. (provided that)
- Take an umbrella if it rains. (in case)
- Carry extra money if you need it. (in case)
Exercise:
A. Rewrite the following sentences using the correct form of the verbs.
- If you sell your stocks now, you ………much money for them. (not/get)
- A lot of people would lose job if the factory ……….(close down)
- Our country won’t have to export wheat if it ……………………in November and February. (rain)
- If we……………..him earlier, we could have saved his life. (find)
- If he had not been wearing helmet, he …………..seriously injured. (be)
- Unless you follow the instructions, you …………….pass the exams. (not/ pass)
- I don’t mind walking home as long as the weather ……..fine. (be)
- The bank will sanction you the loan provided you ……. a collateral. (deposit)
- What ……………if you had not got this job? (you/do)
- If you had the choice, where ……………? (you/live)
- If she studies hard, she ………… the exam easily. (pass)
- If I had enough money, I ………… a new laptop. (buy)
- If they ………… earlier, they would have caught the bus. (leave)
- If you heat ice, it ………… into water. (turn)
- If he ………… more careful, he wouldn’t have made that mistake. (be)
- Unless you hurry, you ………… the train. (miss)
- If she had known about the meeting, she ………… there. (be)
- Provided that he works hard, he ………… the scholarship. (get)
- If I were the principal, I ………… stricter rules. (introduce)
- If you ………… the instructions carefully, you will understand the process. (read)
- If they had invited me, I ………… the party. (attend)
- If the weather ………… bad tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic. (be)
- Unless you ………… regularly, you will not improve your English. (practice)
- If he had taken the medicine, he ………… better now. (feel)
- If you mix blue and yellow, you ………… green. (get)
- If I ………… you, I would not trust him. (be)
- If the government ………… more schools, education will improve. (build)
- If she had worked harder, she ………… the competition. (win)
- If you don’t water the plants, they ………… . (die)
- If we had left earlier, we ………… the traffic jam. (avoid)
B. Change the following sentences into ‘if sentences’ as in the example.
Example: I did not go to a restaurant because I was not hungry.
I would have gone to a restaurant if I had been hungry.
If | Main |
V1/5 — v2 | is/am/are — would be |
#Note: change positive sentence into negative and negative sentence into positive.
#Note: remove conjunctions and connectives and modal verbs of the sentence.
Now Complete these Questions:
- The driver was talking on the phone so the accident happened.
- There is no anyone at home because all the lights are off.
- He must be an educated person because he has subscribed ‘The Kathmandu Post.’
- His head was not injured in the accident because he had put the helmet on.
- I am sure he passed the exam because he gave a heavy treat to his friends.
- You didn’t take any breakfast so you are hungry now.
- I am sure he is a doctor because he is wearing the white gown.
- She is very rich so she drives a Mercedes.
- I didn’t know it was only half a kilometer from my house, so I booked a ride.
- He has hidden something in his mind, so he does not look fresh.
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